The Professional Expert

Emergency Preparedness - First Aid

We will go into first aid during another week, but since we are covering emergency preparedness, it makes sense to cover a few basics that one may encounter during/after a natural disaster. We will cover bleeding, burns, bruises, sprains and, broken bones, and shock.

When you see that someone needs attention, first check the area to make sure that there is still not imminent danger. If the victim was electrocuted, does the power need to be turned off first? If something fell, are there other objects that need to be secured?

If someone needs professional medical help, send someone to get help. We will discuss more life-threatening situations in a later week. But here are some ways to help those in need.

In case of serious injury, The Red Cross suggests the following action steps:  “Check, Call, Care.” First, check that it is safe to help the victim, and then check the victim. For injuries requiring immediate medical care, call for help. Then care for the victim.

There are some steps that you can take to care for someone who is hurt, but whose injuries are not life threatening.

Bleeding

In order to control bleeding, cover the wound with a dressing, such as a gauze pad or clean cloth. Press firmly. Elevate the wound. Cover with a roller bandage, such as an Ace Bandage.

If the bleeding continues, add additional dressings and press against the artery at a pressure point.  Have the victim lay down with feet and wound elevated.

Burns

For burns, cool with cool water and cover with clean dry bandage.

Bruises, Sprains and Broken Bones

For bruises and sprains, try not to move the affected part.  Apply a cold pack or ice to the injury. 

If you think a bone is broken, support both sides of the break with sticks, pieces of wood, or anything stiff in order to immobilize the injury. Seek medical attention as soon as possible.

Shock

In case of shock, the victim will look very pale and will feel lightheaded.  Keep them from getting too hot or cold; elevate their legs above the head.  Do not give food or drink, as they may vomit.  If available, you may give ice chips for the victim to suck on.

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